6

CMOS Bioelectronics: Current and Future

Trends

Ching-Yi Lin, Md. Sakibur Sajal, Yann Gilpin, and Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

Anna Batueva

Natural Sciences Department, Udmurt State University, Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, Russia

Kai-Chun Lin

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

Nicole McFarlane

Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee,

Knoxville, USA

Marc Dandin

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

CONTENTS

6.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................94

6.2 CMOS Sensors for Neural Interfaces...............................................................................94

6.2.1 Neurostimulation.....................................................................................................95

6.2.2 Neural Recording ....................................................................................................96

6.3 Electrochemical Sensors .....................................................................................................97

6.3.1 Electrochemical Sensing Techniques....................................................................97

6.3.2 Miniaturization of Electrochemical Biosensors and Example CMOS

Electrochemical Biosensors....................................................................................98

6.4 Interfacial Capacitance Sensors and Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance

Spectroscopy.........................................................................................................................99

6.4.1 Transducers for Interfacial Capacitance Sensing.............................................100

6.4.2 Examples of Applications of CMOS Capacitance Sensors ............................101

6.4.3 Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing.......................................................101

6.4.4 Examples of Applications of CMOS ECIS Sensors .........................................102

6.5 Image Sensors ....................................................................................................................102

6.5.1 CMOS Image Sensor Architecture .....................................................................103

6.5.2 CMOS Image Sensors in Fluorescence Imaging..............................................103

6.6 Conclusions.........................................................................................................................104

References ....................................................................................................................................104

DOI: 10.1201/9781003263265-6

93